5,464 research outputs found
Individually-rational collective choice
In this paper I consider the following problem: there is a collection of exogenously given socially feasible sets, and for each one of them, each one of a group of individuals chooses from an individually feasible set.
The fact that the product of the individually feasible sets is larger than the socially feasible set notwithstanding, there arises no conflict between individuals. Assuming that individual preferences are random, I here characterize collective choices in terms of the way in which individual
preferences must co-vary in order to explain them. I do this by combining standard revealed preference theory and its counterpart under random preferences. I also argue that there exist collective choices that cannot be rationalized, and hence that the individual rationality assumption can be
refuted
Identification of individual demands from market data under uncertainty
We show that, even under incomplete markets, the equilibrium manifold identifies individual demands everywhere in their domains. Under partial observation of the manifold, we determine maximal subsets of the domains on which identification holds. For this, we assume conditions of smoothness, interiority and regularity. It is crucial that there be date-zero consumption. As a by-product, we develop some duality theory under incomplete markets
A nonparametric analysis of the Cournot model
An observer makes a number of observations of an industry producing a homogeneous good. Each observation consists of the market price, the output of individual firms and perhaps information on each firm's production cost. We provide various tests (typically, linear programs) with which the observer can determine if the data set is consistent with the hypothesis that firms in this industry are playing a Cournot game at each observation. When cost information is wholly or partially unavailable, these tests could potentially be used to derive cost information on the firms. This paper is a contribution to the literature that aims to characterize (in various contexts) the restrictions that a data set must satisfy for it to be consistent with Nash outcomes in a game. It is also inspired by the seminal result of Afriat (and the subsequent literature) which addresses similar issues in the context of consumer demand, though one important technical difference from most of these results is that the objective functions of firms in a Cournot game are not necessarily quasiconcave
Identification of preferences from market data
We offer a new proof that the equilibrium manifold (under complete markets) identifies individual demands globally. Moreover, under observation of only a subset of the
equilibrium manifold, we find domains on which aggregate and individual demands are identifiable. Our argument avoids the assumption of Balasko (2004) requiring the observation
of the complete manifold
Ab initio spectroscopic characterization of the radical CHOCH at low temperatures
Spectroscopic and structural properties of methoxymethyl radical
(CHOCH, RDME) are determined using explicitly correlated ab initio
methods. This radical of astrophysical and atmospheric relevance has not been
fully characterized at low temperatures, which has delayed the astrophysical
searches. We provide rovibrational parameters, excitations to the low energy
electronic states, torsional and inversion barriers and low vibrational energy
levels. In the electronic ground state (XA), which appears "clean" from
non-adiabatic effects, the minimum energy structure is an asymmetric geometry
which rotational constants and dipole moment have been determined to be
A=46718.6745 MHz, B=10748.4182 MHz, and C=9272.5105 MHz, and 1.432
D (=0.6952 D, =1.215 D, =0.3016 D), respectively. A
variational procedure has been applied to determine torsion-inversion energy
levels. Each level splits into 3 subcomponents (A/A and E)
corresponding to the three methyl torsion minima. Although the potential energy
surface presents 12 minima, at low temperatures, the infrared band shapes
correspond to a surface with only three minima because the top of the inversion
V barrier at (109 cm) stands below the
zero point vibrational energy and the CH torsional barrier is relatively
high (2000 cm). The methyl torsion barrier was computed to be
500 cm and produces a splitting of 0.01 cm of the ground
vibrational state
Genetic and Molecular Factors in Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Review
The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is challenging and based on complex diagnostic criteria. DILI falls into two main categories i) intrinsic 'dose-dependent' Type A reactions ii) 'idiosyncratic' or Type B reactions (which are usually not predictable). Idiosyncratic reactions can be immunoallergic (hypersensitivity), or metabolic, although overlap between categories can occur. The aim of this review is to summarise the general view of underlying mechanisms in DILI and to highlight individual risk factors for developing hepatotoxicity. Polymorphisms of bioactivation/ toxification pathways through CYP450 enzymes (Phase I), detoxification reactions (Phase II) and excretion/transport (Phase III) are explored together with immunological factors that might determine DILI. The importance of establishing a multidisciplinary and multi-centric network to promote the understanding and research in hepatotoxicity is underlined. Challenges such as genetic analyses for association studies and whole genome studies, pharmacogenetic testing and future approaches to study DILI are considered. Knowledge regarding these operational mechanisms could provide further insight for the prospective identification of susceptible patients at risk of developing drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Carpal tunnel syndrome associated with oral bisphosphonates. A population-based cohort study
© 2016 Carvajal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Background: Bisphosphonates are widely used to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Some severe musculoskeletal reactions have been described with this medication; among them, some cases of carpal tunnel syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore whether bisphosphonates may be associated with this syndrome. Methods: A cohort study was conducted to compare exposed to unexposed women; the exposed group was that composed of women having received at least one prescription of an oral bisphosphonate. For the purpose, we used information from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. The outcome of interest was defined as those women diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. A survival analysis was performed; the Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and to adjust for identified confounding variables. Results: Out of a sample of 59,475 women older than 51 years, 19,825 were treated with bisphosphonates during the period studied. No differences in age distribution or mean follow-up time were observed between the two groups in comparison. Overall, there were 572 women diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, 242 (1.2%) in the group exposed to bisphosphonates, and 330 (0.8%) in the unexposed. An adjusted hazard ratio of developing carpal tunnel syndrome of 1.38 (95%CI, 1.15-1.64) was found for women exposed to bisphosphonates; no significant changes in the hazard ratios were found when considering different levels of bisphosphonate exposure
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